Orthodontic treatment plays a vital role in improving dental health, correcting misaligned teeth and jaws, and enhancing both function and aesthetics. While the results can be life-changing, it’s important to be aware of the risks of orthodontic treatment—just like any medical procedure, it may involve certain side effects or complications.
In this article, I’ll outline the most common risks, from minor side effects to rare but serious concerns, so you can make informed decisions and maintain open communication with your orthodontist.
1. Discomfort and Soreness
Mild pain or pressure is normal after braces are fitted or adjusted. This is a sign that the teeth are beginning to move and usually settles within a few days.
2. Temporary Speech Issues
Braces, especially those on the tongue-side like lingual braces, may cause short-term lisping or speech changes. These typically resolve as you adjust to the appliance.
3. Mouth Irritation
Brackets and wires may irritate the inner cheeks, lips, or tongue—especially in the early stages. Orthodontic wax and salt water rinses often help relieve this discomfort.
4. Dietary Restrictions
Patients should avoid hard, sticky, or chewy foods that can damage brackets or wires. Modifying your diet during treatment helps protect the appliance and your teeth.
1. Oral Hygiene Challenges
Braces can make brushing and flossing more difficult. If oral hygiene is not maintained properly, it increases the risk of tooth decay, gum disease, and white spot lesions (early signs of enamel damage).
2. Root Resorption
In rare cases, the roots of teeth may shorten during orthodontic treatment. While most instances are minor and don’t affect long-term dental health, severe root resorption can compromise tooth stability.
3. Tooth Discolouration
Poor oral hygiene during treatment can result in staining or white spots once the braces are removed. Consistent brushing and fluoride use are essential to prevent this.
4. Allergic Reactions
Some patients may be sensitive or allergic to metals or latex used in orthodontic components. Alternative materials are available if needed.
1. Ankylosis
This rare condition occurs when a tooth fuses to the jawbone, making it unmovable. If present, it can complicate or limit orthodontic tooth movement.
2. Loss of Tooth Vitality
In extremely rare cases, orthodontic forces can damage the tooth’s blood supply, potentially leading to a loss of vitality and the need for endodontic treatment (e.g., root canal).
3. TMJ Disorders
Some patients may experience jaw joint discomfort or temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders during or after treatment. However, the link between orthodontics and TMJ is complex and still under study but the consensus is that orthodontic treatment do not cure or cause TMJ disorders.
4. Unfavourable Bite Changes
If treatment is not carefully managed, the final bite may not be ideal—or in rare cases, may worsen. That’s why working with a qualified orthodontist is essential.
1. Relapse
One of the most common post-treatment risks is tooth relapse, where teeth shift back toward their original position. Wearing your retainer as prescribed is key to maintaining your new smile. To know more about retention, click here.
2. Residual Spacing or Gaps
Sometimes, small gaps between teeth may remain after treatment. These may require minor refinements or additional appliances to fully resolve.
Orthodontic treatment offers tremendous benefits in terms of dental health, function, and confidence. However, being aware of the risks of orthodontic treatment ensures that patients are better prepared and more engaged in their care.
Thanks to modern techniques and technologies, the likelihood and severity of complications have greatly decreased. Still, individual factors like age, oral hygiene, and case complexity can influence your experience.
Always communicate openly with your orthodontist about any concerns, changes, or discomfort during treatment. A tailored treatment plan, guided by professional expertise, is the best way to achieve excellent results while minimising potential risks.
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I recommend and prescribe orthodontic treatments to my patients as if they were my own family and I value meaningful relationships based on communication, confidence and trust.
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